Chrome Yellow Primrose Pigment

As low as €16.00
In stock
Only %1 left
SKU
437-11

An intense yellow pigment with good hiding power with a light greenish undertone. Learn more.

WARNING! CONTAINS LEAD. Please read the MSDS for more information.

Chrome Yellow Primrose is a lead chromate similar to the lead salt PbCrO4 that occurs naturally as the mineral crocoite. It is obtained synthetically as a yellow crystalline powder by precipitation from a lead salt solution (such as lead nitrate) and sodium chromate or sodium dichromate. It is used as a pigment alone or in admixture with other compounds. Synthetic chrome yellow pigments are among several bright pigments with good hiding power that vary from light greenish yellow to reddish medium yellow, consisting essentially of normal lead chromate usually without extenders (such as barite or clay) but often other lead compounds (such as lead sulfate) for the lighter shades, such as primrose.

Pigment Names
Common Names:English: chrome yellow
French: jaune de chrôme
German: Chromgelb
Italian: giallo de cromo


Origin and History

Chromium was discovered as a Siberian mineral called crocoite in the 18th century. The mineral is deep orange, a natural form of lead chromate. It was analyzed in the late 1790s by the eminent French chemist Nicolas Louis Vauquelin, who identified the new element chromium as the source of the color. Vauquelin studied chromium compounds and found that he could make bright yellow and rich orange versions of lead chromate, both of which he proposed as potential pigments. However, the chromium colors did not become widespread until the discovery of chromium-containing mineral deposits in France, the USA, and Britain.

The name "chrome yellow" comes from the name of the chemical element from which comes the pigments, chrome, and is derived from the Greek word "chrōma" (χρωμα), meaning color, because many of its compounds are intensely colored. Crocoite was used as a pigment, and after the discovery that the mineral chromite also contains chromium, this latter mineral was used to produce pigments as well.

The preparation of lead chromates, specifically chrome yellow, was published by Vauquelin in the Annales de Chimie IXX in 1809. The chrome colors were in use by 1816 but on a limited basis. Because the pigment tends to oxidize and darken on exposure to air over time, and it contains lead, a toxic, heavy metal, it has mainly been replaced by another pigment, cadmium yellow. Their excellent hiding power and low cost made them a welcomed alternative to Turner's Patent Yellow and Orpiment. Chrome yellow cost one shilling per watercolor cake in 1835. Chrome pigments were fast drying in oil and more permanent in oil than in watercolor.

By 1809, when Vanquelin published his full investigation of the color chemistry of chromium in the Annales de Chimie, chrome yellow had already appeared on the artists' palette. One of the earliest appearances of synthetic pigment was, for example, in Thomas Lawrence's Portrait of a Gentleman, painted in 1810.

Source

The precipitation of neutral solutions of lead salts with chromate or bichromate solutions prepares lead chromate. The primrose variety of chrome yellow also contains lead sulfate, the precipitation method remaining unchanged since the early 19th century. (See United States Patent 2,023,928, filed on October 10, 1932.) In the 1960s and 1970s, several patents were issued describing a new method of producing lead chromate pigments that reinforced or encapsulated them in silicate to increase their lightfastness and chemical resistance. (For example, United States Patent 3,370,971, issued on February 27, 1968.) The encapsulated pigment contains about 22% of silica as a continuous film of dense amorphous silica surrounding the individual particles of the lead chromate derivatives. When dispersed in paint and exposed to light, the pigment containing silica is highly resistant to darkening, whereas the untreated product darkens seriously under the same conditions. The silicate-coated chrome yellow pigment is the type offered by Natural Pigments.

Permanence and Compatibility

Chrome yellow tends to fade when exposed to sunlight. The darker shades were known to darken over time. All chrome colors were blackened by sulfur-bearing air, and the yellow variety sometimes would turn green when mixed with organic pigments. Because the pigment tends to oxidize and darken on exposure to air over time, and it contains lead, a toxic, heavy metal, it has been replaced by cadmium yellow on the artists' palette. Chrome pigments exhibit fair to good acid resistance, poor to fair alkali resistance, and poor compatibility with sulfide compounds. Encapsulated or reinforced chrome pigments do not suffer the ill effects of the plain variety. They exhibit excellent lightfastness in sunlight, especially in oil and alkyd paints, and excellent heat stability. They also exhibit excellent chemical resistance to acids (2% sulfuric acid solution) and alkalis (1% sodium hydroxide solution).

Oil Absorption and Grinding

Chrome yellow absorbs a low amount of oil. The oil absorption rate is 19 parts by weight of raw linseed oil to 100 parts by weight of pigment. If the measurement were grams, chrome yellow would require 19 grams of linseed oil to grind 100 grams of pigment to form a stiff paste. Encapsulated chrome yellow pigments have a higher absorption rate of 27 to 33 grams of raw linseed oil to 100 grams of pigment. Chrome pigments are fast drying in oil and combine easily with both oil and water-based paint.

Toxicity

Chrome yellow is considered toxic because it contains lead compounds. Care should be used in handling the dry powder pigment to avoid inhaling or ingesting the dust.

Pigment: Chrome Yellow Primrose
Pigment: Chrome Yellow Primrose

Pigment Information
Color:Yellow
Colour Index:Pigment Yellow 34
Chemical Name:Lead Chromate/Lead Sulfate
Chemical Formula:PbCrO4 • PbSO4
ASTM Lightfastness Rating
Acrylic:Not rated
Oil:Not rated
Watercolor:Not rated
Properties
Specific Gravity:4.3
Bulking Value:250-300 ml/g
Hardness:4.0–5.5
Refractive Index:alpha = 2.31, beta = 2.37, gamma = 2.66
Oil Absorption:27–33
pH:5.0
More Information
SKU437-11
BrandRublev Colours
VendorRublev Colours
Processing TimeUsually ships the next business day.
ColorYellow
Pigment TypeInorganic, Synthetic

DANGER! CONTAINS LEAD. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED. Avoid ingestion and skin contact. Wear protective clothing and gloves to prevent contact with skin. Never use near children or pets. Read the MSDS for all cautionary statements. Conforms to ASTM D 4236.

DANGER
CONTAINS LEAD / CONTIENT DU PLOMB
DO NOT APPLY TO SURFACES ACCESSIBLE TO CHILDREN OR PREGNANT WOMEN.
NE PAS APPLIQUER SUR UNE SURFACE ACCESSIBLE AUX ENFANTS OU AUX FEMMES ENCEINTES.
Must be used exclusively as material for the purposes of arts, crafts or hobbies, not for use by children. Utiliser uniquement aux fins suivantes comme matériaux pour les besoins d’art, d’artisanat ou passe-temps, pas pour une utilisation par les enfants.

Hazard Pictograms

Exclamation MarkHealth HazardEnvironment
GHS07:
Exclamation Mark
GHS08-2:
Health Hazard
GHS09:
Environment

Signal Word: Danger

Hazard Designation

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H360 May damage fertility or the unborn child.

H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Safety Designation

P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.

P261 Avoid breathing dust/ fume/ gas/ mist/ vapors/ spray.

P280 Wear protective gloves/ clothing/ eye/ face protection.

P281 Use personal protective equipment as required.

P405 Store locked up.

P501 Dispose of contents/ container according to regional, national and international regulations.

Order Processing

If the Processing Time for items in your order is "Usually ships within 24-48 hours", your order will usually be processed within 48 hours of receipt Monday through Friday. Orders received during weekends and holidays will be processed on the next business (working) day. Orders with longer processing times will be shipped when all items become available.

Shipping Rates

Please add your desired items and the delivery address to your basket to determine the exact shipping costs and options. The table below provides shipping rates for different weights to the countries we ship to.

Carriers

We use the following carriers to deliver orders:

DPD Logo DHL Logo FedEx Logo

Below is an approximate guide to shipping costs for locations in Europe. Rates may change without notice.

COUNTRYALPHA-2RATES PER PARCELSCARRIER
0–10 kg>10 kg–30 kg
AustriaAT11,50 €11,50 €DPD
BelgiumBE10,95 €10,95 €DPD
BulgariaBG20,25 €30,25 €FedEx
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBA49,25 €49,25 €DPD
CyprusCY21,80 €29,30 €FedEx
SwitzerlandCH25,85 €42,98 €FedEx
Czech RepublicCZ12,00 €12,00 €DPD
GermanyDE5,50 €5,50 €DPD
DenmarkDK12,00 €12,00 €DPD
SpainES17,48 €28,50 €FedEx
EstoniaEE21,70 €21,70 €DPD
FinlandFI17,48 €28,50 €FedEx
FranceFR14,60 €14,60 €DPD
United KingdomGB– €– €
GreeceGR17,48 €28,50 €FedEx
CroatiaHR29,25 €29,25 €DPD
HungaryHU15,90 €15,90 €DPD
IrelandIE17,48 €28,50 €FedEx
IcelandIS30,70 €62,40 €DHL
ItalyIT15,90 €15,90 €DPD
LiechtensteinLI25,85 €43,00 €FedEx
LithuaniaLT21,70 €21,70 €DPD
LuxembourgLU10,95 €10,95 €DPD
LatviaLV21,70 €21,70 €DPD
MaltaMT21,80 €30,25 €FedEx
MonacoMC15,95 €24,30 €FedEx
NetherlandsNL10,95 €10,95 €DPD
NorwayNO25,85 €43,00 €FedEx
PolandPL14,90 €14,90 €DPD
PortugalPT15,50 €15,50 €DPD
RomaniaRO21,80 €30,25 €FedEx
SerbiaRS49,25 €49,25 €DPD
SlovakiaSK15,90 €15,90 €DPD
SloveniaSI15,90 €15,90 €DPD
SwedenSE15,90 €15,90 €DPD
TurkeyTR27,30 €46,20 €FedEx


Note: Countries in RED type are not members of the European Union.


Postal Service

Shipping (EU and non-EU countries):

Up to 500 grams Tracked: 6,85 €

Up to 1000 grams Tracked: 10,45 €

Up to 2000 grams Tracked: 20,50 €


Tracking

For tracking details, please log in to your Natural Pigments account.

We track all orders where a tracked delivery service has been selected.

We will update your order with the tracking information if the shipping carrier provides a tracking number. You can locate the tracking number for your order in the shipping confirmation email you receive when your order is shipped. (Look for the email with the subject line "Natural Pigments: Shipment # xxxxxxxxx for Order # xxxxxxxxx.") You can also find the tracking number by signing into your account and visiting My Account Dashboard under Recent Orders.

VAT for Orders within the European Union

VAT is not included in prices unless specified on the website as VAT INCLUSIVE. VAT is calculated for Germany at 19% on both order subtotal and shipping cost and is added to the order grand total.

VAT, Duties, and Tariffs for Orders Outside of the European Union

VAT is not included in prices and totals unless specified on the website as VAT INCLUSIVE. Duties, tariffs, and customs broker fees are not included in the prices and totals on the website. These charges are in addition to what you will pay when ordering. These charges originate in the delivery country, so please contact your local customs for more information.

Shipping Rates

The rate charged for the shipping of your order is based on the weight of your products and your location. Before the final checkout page, you will be shown what the shipping cost will be, and you will have a chance to abandon your order if you decide not to place it.

Shipping Damage

For shipping damage, customers should file a claim with the carrier immediately. Any discrepancy, including wrong or missing items, should be reported to Natural Pigments within twenty-four (24) hours of receipt.

Back Orders

We do not accept backorders for out-of-stock items. If you order an out-of-stock item, we will email you when we expect that product to be available. You will be among the first to receive the item when it becomes available. Natural Pigments will not charge your credit card for out-of-stock items.

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Chrome Yellow Primrose Pigment
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